PAKISTAN AFFAIRS
Mahmud Ghaznavi (977 - 1030)
Mahmud ghaznavi was the muslim leader of ghazni who picked up notoriety by striking india on seventeem circumstances from 1000 to 1027 A.D. On every event he crushed hindu lords and came back to Ghazni with gigantic wealth.He is the individual who acquire Islam sub-landmass by catching the Sommnath.
Sheik Ahmed Sirhindi (RA)
Sheik Ahmed Sirhindi was a muslim holy person and researcher who thrived amid the rules of Akbar and Jahangir. He contrasted with etheistic perspective of Sheik Mubarak and his children Faizi and Abul Fazl.Jahangir detained him for his religious exercises however discharged him in a matter of seconds a while later. Sheik ahmed Sirhindi propounded the convention of Wahdatul Shahud which effectively countered the Bhakti theory of Wahdatul Wujud.
Ibrahim Lodhi (1517-26)
Ibrahim Lodhi was the last lodhi sultan of Delhi. He was vanquished by Babur in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526.
MUGHAL EMPIRE
Subsequent to crushing the Ibrahim lodhi ,The mughal domain had been came in presence by Zahir-ul-clamor Babur
1. Zahir-ul-commotion Babur
2. Humayun
3. Akber
4. Jahangir
5. Shahjahan
6. Orangzeb alamgir
7. Bhadur Shah Zafar
Ruin of muslim administer (CAUSES)
1.Ignorance of religious convictions
2. Absence of solidarity
3. Centralization of mughul Administration
4. No law of progression
5. Shortcoming of Character
6.Educational Decline
7. Military shortcoming
8. No maritime Force
Foundation of British run the show
The english east India organization was battling for making progress to set up itself forever on the subcontinent since 1600 A.D. The other European colonialist powers had lost their will to keep themselves in column with the English on account of their prevalence on oceans. Ruler Clive set up English impact on sound balance and came back to britain in 1787
At the point when no adversary European power was left on the scene , the English exploited the unsettled states of India and combined themselves politically.They clevely played one neighborhood ruler against the other and vanquished India with the might of india.They showed an incredible diplomati ability and utilized enhanced arms with a superior learning of fighting. The indian rulers finally fell a casualty to their own ensnarement. They were either compelled to acknowledge the specialist of East India Company or to be totally wiped off.This procedure of extension of the english occupation od India proceeded in one shape orthe other.Kingdom after kingdom fell and afterward English at last inspired themselves ahead to succeed the mughuls.
Jehad Movement
Jehad Movement was begun by Syed Ahmed Barelvi and his allies in the main portion of the nineteenth century.This development went for reclaiming control of India from the english and the Sikhs. Jehad development met some sucess in its initial stage when the Mujahideen vanquished Sikh armed force and caught Peshawar.
Two Nation Theory
The hypothesis the hindus and muslims are two unique countries in light of the fact that each of them has a different religion, dialect, design, culture and lifestyle. This hypothesis shaped the premise of the pakistan development which at last prompted to the production of pakistan in 1947. Allama Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam were the best types of Two-NationTheory.
In the perspective of Allama Iqbal:
"India is a mainland of human gatherings having a place with various races , talking distinctive dialects and pronouncing diverse religions....Even the Hindus don't frame a homogeneous gathering. The guideline of European popular government can not b connected to india without perceiving the reality of collective gatherings The muslims interest for the formation of a muslim india inside India is, along these lines, superbly defended"
As per Quaid-e-Azam
"We keep up and hold that Muslims and Hindus are two noteworthy countries by any definition or trial of a nation.We are a country of a hundred million and additionally we are a country with our own unmistakable culture and development, dialect and writing, workmanship and design, names nad classification, feeling of qualities and extent"
Hindi-Urdu Controversy (1867)
Hindi-Urdu Controversy turned into the concentration of country consideration in 1867 when a few hindus of benarus attempted to supplant urdu with hindi as the court dialect. Sir syed ahmed was frustrated at the counter Muslim disposition of Hindus.
War of Independence (1857)
The muslim of the Sub-mainland battled a war of Independence in 1857 to oust the British Raj.However, this war couldn't succeed on the grounds that it needed capable initiative, coordination troops , military and budgetary assets and present day weapons. After the war, the British considered the muslim in charge of this calamity and unleashed a flood of persecution and suppression on them
M.A.O school Aligarh
In 1875, Muhammad Anglo-Oriental High school was established by Sir syed ahmed khan. After two years, in 1877 it was given the status of a school. It worked from 1877 to 1919 and taught a huge number of muslim understudies who framed the vanguard of pakistan movement.This school was given the status of a muslim college in 1920,after the demise of Sir syed ahmed khan.
Deoband Movement
Deoband development was a socio-religious development of Indian in the later 50% of the nineteenth century. It was begun by Maulana Mohd Qasim Nanautvi in 1866. It went for instructing the muslims in absolutely religious subjects by keeping english out of its syllabus. It laid weight on Arabic and Persion dialects.
Nadva-tul-Ulema, Lucknow
In 1894, Nadva-tu-Ulema, lucknow was established by Maulana Abdul Ghafoor and Maulana Shibli Nomani. Nadva went for changing Muslim society by conferring both ministerial and common learning to muslims
Anjuman Himayat-e-Islam, Lahore
Anjuman himayat-e-Islam ,lahore was set up in 1884. Khalifa hameeduddin and Maulvi Ghulam Ullah were chosen as its first president and secretary respectively.Later on, the Anjuman opened numerous instructive and welfare institutionsion Lahore. Out of these Islamia school Railway street turned out to be exceptionally well known. The understudies of Islamia school orchestrated the yearly meeting of muslim group at Lahore on 23rd walk 1940 which passed lahore determination.
In the first place Constituent Assembly
In the first place constituent get together held its initially meeting on tenth august,1947.Originally it contained 69 individuals from Central council having a place with punjab,sindh,NWFP and Baluchistan.Later on,the numer of individuals was raised to 79.This first constituent gather was broken up by ghulam mohammad in oct,1954.
Targets Resolution
The Contituent Assembly endorsed the target determination on twelfth mar,1949.It exemplified the fundamental standards for the future contituent of pakistan.The target determination expressed that the sway had a place with Allah and pronounced that the Muslims of pakistan would lead their lives as per the standards of Islam and The minorities would b allowed to rehearse their religions.
Ulema`s 22 Points
The Govt of pakistan met a tradition of Ulema from 21-24th jan 1951 at karachi.The tradition was gone to by 31 muslim religious researchers having a place with all organizations od Islam.The Ulema concurred on 22 focuses
Foundation of pakistan (Initial issues and occasions)
1. Boundary of limits .....Radcliffe`s Award
2. Congress Reaction
3. Removing of muslim in punjab
4. Exiles issue and their resettlement
5. Division of Armed strengths and Military Assets
6. Division of money related Assets
7. Trench Water Dispute
8. Promotion of Princely states (junagarh,kashmir and hyderabad)
9. financial issues and political issues
10. Protected issue
11. Demise of Quaid-e-Azam
Indus water Treaty
Indus water bargain was marked by india and pakistan in 1960to settle the extraordinary trench water debate between the two nations
Rann of Kutch
Rann of Kutch is a wide extend of damp land arranged towards the south-east of pakistan. In 1965 this territory turned into a scene of fringe conflict betweem india and pak.
Six Points of Mujid-ur-rehman
In feb 1966, Sheik Mujib the pioneer of Awami alliance declared his 6 focuses, which requested most extreme self-rule for East pakistan.Later on, these focuses turned into the reason for the detachment development by Bengalis.
Liaquat - Nehru Pact
Liaquat Ali khan and Nehru marked a settlement on eighth april 1950 in delhi.According to this assention, both the nations consented to secure the privileges of their minorities and attempted to stop promulgation against each other.
Simla Accord
The 1971 Indo-pak was abd the uprising of bengalis brought about the partition of east pakistan. The route got its wake many issue, which incorporated the arrival of PoWs, trial of chose PoWs, return of Baharis to pakistan and acknowledgment of bangladesh . In july 1972, Z.A.Bhutto and Indira Gandhi marked an Accord in simla which is verifiably known as simla accord
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Dialects of pakistan
Pakistan is a multi-lingual nation. Around thirty-one particular dialects are talked in pakistan, not including various tongues, but rather no single dialect is usually talked or comprehended in all parts of the country.Many of the dialects are talked by a generally little extent of the populace and some are not even ordinarily composed, yet assessment and relationship among the speakers is perpetually restricted to assimilation into one of the bigger units. With minor exemption every one of the dialects are additionally talked outside the nation
Proportion of dialects of pakistan
1. Urdu ( 7.6 )
2. Punjabi ( 44.1 )
3. Pushto ( 15.4 )
4. Sindhi ( 14.1 )
5. Balochi ( 3.6 )
6. Saraiki ( 10.5 )
7. Others ( 4.7 )
Populace OF PAKISTAN BY RELIGION
As indicated by enumeration of 1981 , religion-wise populace of pakistan was as under
1. Muslim = 81,450,057
2. Christians = 1,310,426
3. Hindus = 1,276,116
4. Ahmadis = 104,244
5. Bhuddist = 2639
6. Parsis = 7007
7. Others = 103,155
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